Earth has existed for only a third of the history of the universe. The evolution of herbivory probably dates back to the middle triassic, given the presence of ornithischians and theropods and therefore sauropodomorphs in the early late triassic rogers et al 1993. The only extant members of the human tribe, hominini, belong to the species homo sapiens. Origin and evolution of earth upsc the earth images. The early scientists and greeks believed that life on earth never began on earth itself. Creationist views of the origin of the universe, earth, and life many religious persons, including many scientists, hold that god created the universe and the various processes driving physical and biological evolution and that these processes then resulted in the creation of galaxies, our solar system, and life on earth. Origin of the earths crust and its evolution huscap. Human evolution, the process by which human beings developed on earth from nowextinct primates. The study covers looking at landscapes to work out how the earth surface processes, such as air, water and ice, can mould the landscape. According to classical magmatism the sialic crust is segregated from the mantle in the course of the earth s evolution, causing a growth of the continental crust.
Jul 09, 2018 ncert class 11 geography fundamentals of earth geography chapter 02 origin and evolution of earth affiliate ncert 11 geography fundamentals of physical. Schneider earth seen from space has changed dramatically. Ncert class 11 geography fundamentals of earth geography chapter 02 origin and evolution of earth affiliate ncert 11 geography fundamentals of physical geography. Deciphering the planets history and processes could improve the ability to predict catastrophes like earthquakes and volcanoes, to manage earth s resources, and. The origin and evolution of cells cells are divided into two main classes, initially defined by whether they contain a nucleus. Phylogenetic studies and new fossil evidence have yielded fundamental insights into the pattern and timing of dinosaur evolution and the emergence of functionally modern birds. Class 11 geography notes chapter 2 the origin evolution of. In this lecture, toshiba shukla is explaining formation of the universe, theories of formation, recent theories like steasy state theory and big bang theory, galaxies, our own galaxy in details, the solar system. Journey back to the big bang, learning how fundamental forces and particles froze out of a homogeneous state in the initial moments of cosmic evolution. The best app for cbse students now provides the origin and evolution of the earth class 11 notes geography latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse exams and schoolbased annual examinations. The origin and evolution of the earth class 11 notes geography. Our future lies in interpreting this geologic past by claude j.
One is almost forced to give a serious thought to earth being a living, breathing and evolving entity. This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet earth. Origin of earth and evolution of the environment we live on a beautiful planet called earth, along with a wide variety of plants, animals and other or ganisms. Origin of earth scientific and engineering theories and. The origin of the universe, earth, and life ncbi bookshelf.
Origin and evolution of earth the national academies press. The two cases have in common that there was a time when x did not exist. A major outstanding question in the earth sciences is whether the volume of continental crust today represents nearly all that formed over earth s history or whether its rates of creation and destruction have been approximately balanced since the archean. The first stage of the evolution of lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere is marked by the loss of the primordial atmosphere. Download pdf here lightyear it is a unit of astronomical distance which is equal to the distance light travels in one year. The dinosaurian radiation began in the middle triassic, significantly predating the global dominance of dinosaurs by the end of the period. The evolution of the earth the formation of this planet and its atmosphere gave rise to life, which shaped the earthos subsequent development. A core to the gas cloud as well as a spinning disc of dust and gas are created because of. In biology, evolution is any change across successive generations in the heritable characteristics of biological populations. The history of earth every year on april 22, earth day marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970.
Where does the origin and evolution of earth rank among all the audiobooks youve listened to so far. The exact nature of the evolutionary relationships between modern humans and their ancestors remains the subject of debate. Scientists have everimproving tools to understand how earths internal processes shape the planets surface, how life can be sustained over billions of years, and. The age of the earth is approximately 4 to 5 billion years, while human. Earth day 1970 gave a voice to an emerging public consciousness about the state. The reason for the secular evolution of the earths spin and the moons acceleration in its orbit lies in the tidal torques exerted by the moon on the. The phylogenetic history of ornithischian and saurischian. Mar 05, 2016 origin of life on earth evolution of life on earth adaptive radiation biological evolution origin and evolution of man timeline of evolution. Earth traces its origin to simple atoms that were created in the big bang, transformed into heavy elements in stellar explosions, and then forged into a planet inside the nebula that gave birth to the solar system. In the second stage, the hot interior of the earth contributed to the evolution of the atmosphere. Explore the frontiers of science with this revolutionary course that rewrites the history of our planet as a single, compelling story involving the coevolution of rocks and life. This course chronicles the history of earth and life on earth from the point of view of the minerals that made it all happen.
Notes origin and evolution of life and introduction. Large bodies slamming into the planet produced im claude j. In the context of biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different species. Herbivory among dinosaurs arose twice, at the origin of ornithischian and sauropodomorph clades, and was never reversed. The earth s oceans were formed within 500 million years from the evolution of the earth. It is not very likely that the total amount of water at earth s surface has changed significantly over geologic time. Both external processes, such as radiation and the corpuscular wind from the sun and impacts, and internal processes, such as volcanism and recycling of a planets crust e. Earth developed continents and water perhaps even oceans and environments in which microbial life could emerge 4. The origin of the universe, earth, and life science and. The history of earth concerns the development of planet earth from its formation to the present day. Like many other planets, earth went through phases of melting, volcanism, and bombardment by asteroids. Jan 25, 2019 the origin and evolution of the earth class 11 notes geography in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. In all of these cases there is change over time, although the processes involved are quite different. The origin of universe scholastic the origin of universe earth and life science from the origin of life on earth to in universe theories about origin of earth chrome ias academy ppt age and origin of the earth powerpoint ation experiments call origin of earth s iron into ionthe origin of universe earth and life.
Evolutionary biology is the study of history of life forms on earth. Notes origin and evolution of life and introduction to. There was, however, no evidence to support these claims. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of earths past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution. Early theories origin of the earth a large number of hypotheses were put forth by different philosophers and scientists regarding the origin of the earth. These notes will also be useful for other competitive exams like banking po, ssc, state civil services exams and so on. From the big bang to the future of human existence, experience the thrill of piecing together this story in an enlightening new perspective. The earth is the endproduct of a series of evolutionary processes that began at the time the first elements were producedthat is, 1020 billion years ga ago. It is not only the study of the earth as we see it today, but the history of the earth as it has evolved to. The evolution of minerals has played a central role all across the surface of the planet and throughout its interior. The early evolution of the planet earth and the origin of.
The origin and evolution of the earth class 11 notes geography in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Download pdf origin and evolution of earth free online. The origin and the evolution of the earth authorstream. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses nature. The primordial soup hypothesis, also know as the oparinhaldane model, posits that during the early evolution of the. The archean crust contains direct geochemical information of the earth s early planetary differentiation. The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis was the most important metabolic innovation in earth history. But the processes by which planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe form and change over time are also types of evolution. A core to the gas cloud as well as a spinning disc of dust and gas are created because of the gravitational force within the lumps. It includes not only the surface process which have shaped the earth s surface, but the study of the ocean floors, and the interior of the earth. He also demonstrated very clearly the twoway relationship that the geosphere and biosphere have with each other. Indeed, to account for the origin of x often means to come up with a history of how x developed from ancestral forms.
The term evolution usually refers to the biological evolution of living things. Origin and evolution of earth download origin and evolution of earth ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Pdf the early evolution of the planet earth and the. The last phase in the evolution of the earth relates to the origin and evolution of life. The more interesting part is when the lectures talk about changes in earth and evolution of all the minerals here on earth from the simple group of less than one hundred at the beginning in the last 4. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of earth s past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution. Click download or read online button to origin and evolution of earth book pdf for free now. In particular, the existence of sufficient liquid water is thought to be essential for the origin and evolution of life. The origin of the universe, earth, and life the term evolution usually refers to the biological evolution of living things.
Dec 22, 2017 the origin of universe scholastic the origin of universe earth and life science from the origin of life on earth to in universe theories about origin of earth chrome ias academy ppt age and origin of the earth powerpoint ation experiments call origin of earth s iron into ionthe origin of universe earth and life. Earths origins teachings on the beginning and evolution. Ncert general science origin of life on earth the universe is very old almost billion years old. It is not very likely that the total amount of water at earths surface has changed significantly over geologic time. Introduction and origin of the earth geology, what is it. The study of landforms, their processes, form, and sediments at the surface of the earth and sometimes on other planets is known as geomorphology.
One of the earlier and popular arguments was by german philosopher immanuel kant. In order to estimate the time and place of origin of the sun. Prokaryotic cells bacteria lack a nuclear envelope. About 3,800 million years ago, life began to evolve and the process of photosynthesis got evolved about 2,5003,000 million years ago. Three evolutionary lineages are of particular interest for the further evolution of the planet earth.
The following are regarded as the stages in the planets development. A major theme is how minerals and life coevolved, leading to the unprecedented mineral diversity on our world compared to the other planets in the solar system. This is the first lesson dealing with early and modern theories of evolution of earth and universe. Tiny zircons zirconium silicate crystals found in ancient stream deposits indicate that earth developed continents and water perhaps even oceans and environments in. Charles darwins theory of organic evolutionthe idea that life on earth is the product of purely natural causes, not the hand of godset off shock waves that continue to reverberate through western society, and especially the united states. Copies of these textbooks may be downloaded and used as textbooks or for reference. Origin and evolution of earth national academies press. Although there is some evidence of life as early as 4. This paper discusses some controversial petrological ideas, expressed in the geonomic literature of our time. Hydrosphere origin and evolution of the hydrosphere. Evidence and research implications for a theory of the origin and evolution of microbial, plant, and animal cells on the precambrian earth. The origin and evolution of cells the cell ncbi bookshelf. The process of accretion had significant thermal consequences for the earth, consequences that have forceful ly directed its evolution.
As we prepare to mark 50 years of earth day in 2020, lets take a look at the last halfcentury of mobilization for action. Michael 1990 showed that the early evolution of intermediatemass protoplanets could lead to differential loss of d and h and a dh ratio. Origin of the universe the universe began about 14. Morbidelli et al origin and evolution of near earth objects 4 there are no mechanisms capable of destabilizing the reso nant asteroid motion on the short timescales typical of the. The presence of water on the young earth was confirmed when the zircons were analyzed for oxygen isotopes and the telltale signature of rocks that. Early theories origin of earth nebular hypothesis 1796. Lets take a look back through evolution and see how far back we can trace our family tree. Deciphering the planets history and processes could improve the ability to predict catastrophes like earthquakes and volcanoes, to manage earths resources, and. This greatly increased global primary productivity and restructured ecosystems. The origin and the evolution of the earth upsc notes. Jan 03, 2020 lesson 3 evolution of the earth gain an understanding of earth movements for upsc cse the atmosphere origin and structure the origin and evolution of life on earth upsc ias prelims geography the origin and evolution of origin and evolution of life on earth pmf iasncert notes earth origin and evolution geographyorigin and evolution of. It allowed life to generate energy and reducing power directly from sunlight and water, freeing it from the limited resources of geochemically derived reductants. On a global scale, the biosphere is organised as a selfregulating, thermodynamically open system, which however consists of individual organisms. The origin and evolution of the earth notes, video for.
It is the collective mass of water found on, under, and above the surface of the earth. Ncert class 11 geography the origin and evolution of the earth. Although the origin of life is often included in debates about evolution, it is a very different topic that does not have all the empirical evidence of biological. Hydrosphere hydrosphere origin and evolution of the hydrosphere. Mar 02, 2017 notes there are various scientific theories of origin and evolution of the earth. Pdf the early evolution of the planet earth and the origin of life. And this course by bhumika deals with all the topics which are related to it. The planets where formed out of a cloud of material associated with a youthful sun, which was slowly rotating. Diversity and evolution of life 3 origin and evolution of life and introduction to classification biology notes fig. One widespread anomaly within the solar system is the dh ratio 2. Theory of the origin, evolution, and nature of life mdpi. On the origin and evolution of the earths crust and. The origin and evolution of earth audiobook by robert m. The origin of life as a kind of chemical reaction, which first generated complex organic molecules and assembled them.
As a professional geologist i was amazed at how accessible he made some of the more difficult concepts of geology. From the big bang to the future of human existence robert m. Class 11 geography notes chapter 2 the origin evolution of the earth, pdf file is free to download. Theories of origin of earth pdf the earth images revimage. Hazen, the noted scientist who pioneered the study of mineral. Timeline of the evolutionary history of life wikipedia. The phylogenetic history of ornithischian and saurischian dinosaurs reveals. Based on the ages of meteorites, earth is thought to be 4. This may be called as the lunar stage of the earths history.
407 414 1035 1425 871 119 288 453 873 1414 573 1130 30 532 1567 454 1285 1534 496 111 231 258 254 1004 1117 1478 1024 744 899 562